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Petitioner: BAHADUR AND ANOTHER VS Respondent: THE STATE
P L D 1961 (W
P L D 1961 (W. P.) Lahore 923
Before Shabir Ahmad and A. R. Khan, Jj
BAHADUR AND ANOTHER‑---Appellants
versus
THE STATE‑--Respondent
Criminal Appeal No. 351 of 1960, decided on 7th June 1961.
Acquittal‑Accused originally tried under S. 302 read with S. 34, P. P. C., but convicted under S. 304, Part Il read with S. 34, P. P. C. Retrial ordered on appeal by accused‑Accused on retrial cannot be retried and convicted under, S. 302, P. P. C. Penal Code (XLV of 1860), Ss. 302 & 304, Part II Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898), Ss. 403 & 423.
In an appeal filed by accused against conviction the appellate Court can order retrial only on the charges on which the accused were convicted and against which the appeal was filed. The lower Court, therefore, on retrial cannot frame charges and convict the accused of offence of which he had already been acquitted.
An accused in his original trial was tried of an offence under section 302 read with section 34, Penal Code, 1860. In appeal by the accused his conviction was set aside and was ordered to be retried. In the retrial by the lower Court the accused was convicted under section 302, Penal Code:
Held, that the accused could not, on retrial, be tried once again and convicted of the offence punishable under section 302, P. P. C. He bad been tried for and acquitted in his original trial of this offence and the order of acquittal passed by a compe tent Court was in force and the State had not even appealed against it.
Lala and others. v. Emperor A I R 1933 All. 941; Azam Ali v. Emperor A I R 1929 All. 710; Indur Kumar Nath v. The State A I R 1954 Cal. 375 approved.
Kishan Singh v. Emperor A I R 1928 P C 254 rel.
Krishan Dhan Mandal and others v. Queen‑Empress I L R 22 Cal. 377; Nazim-ud‑Din v. Emperor A I R 40 Cal. 163 and Manji Jairam Bhate v. Kalekhan and others A I R 1929 Nag. 161 ref.
Sh. Maqbul.Ahmad for Appellants.
M. B. Zaman Asstt. Advocate‑General for Respondent.
Date of hearing: 5th April 1961.
JUDGMENT
A. R. KHAN, J.‑---In this case Bahadur, son of Sooba, aged 25 years, resident of village Nama Sial, has been convicted of an offence punishable under section 304, Part 11, P. P. C., and sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for ten years, while his cousin in the fourth degree, Goman son of Shahamad, also aged 25 years, reident of the same village, has been convicted of the offence of murder punishable under section 302, P. P. C., and sentenced to transportation for life by Mr. C. M. Shafqat, Sessions Judge, Montgomery. It is against these convictions and sentences that they have come in appeal to this Court.
2. It may be noted down here that originally appellant Bahadur, his brother, Nadir, appellant Goman and his brother Mughla, were tried by the Sessions Judge, Montgomery (prede cessor‑in‑office of the Sessions Judge who held the present trial for an offence punishable under section 302 read with section 34, P. P. C). All of them were, however, acquitted of the said offence and only the present appellants, namely, Bahadur and Goman, were convicted of an offence punishable under section 304, Part II, P. P. C., read with section 34, P. P. C., and sentenced to suffer rigorous imprisonment for seven years each. Against this conviction and sentence both Bahadur and Goman came in appeal to this Court. Shall, J. set aside their convictions and sentences and remanded the case for retrial observing as follows :‑
"It was mentioned in the first information report that Allah Dad and Haq Nawaz, sons of Agra, had arrived at the scene of occurrence soon after. Out of these wit nesses, Allah Dad was produced in Court. He went back on his statement which he had made before the Committing Magistrate which statement was treated as evidence in this case under section 288 of the Criminal Pro cedure Code. Haq Nawaz was not produced and was given up by the Public Prosecutor as having been won over. I think that a serious miscarriage of justice, has occasioned on account of the giving up of Haq Nawaz. His name was mentioned, as I have already stated, in the first information report and he should have been produced and then it should have been left to the Court to decide whether he should be believed or not. Apart from this fact, the learned Sessions Judge has very adversely criticised the evidence adduced by saying that certain important questions were not asked from the Sub- Inspector. Apart from those questions, I think it should be brought upon the record as to how far was Mst. Saidan's house from the scene of occurrence and if the alarm raised at the scene of occurrence could attract the people if they were in their houses. As .the trial has suffered on account of the non‑production of Haq Nawaz and non‑asking of the material questions from the Sub‑Inspector, I have no alternative but to accept this appeal, set aside the conviction and sentence of the accused and remand the case for retail of the two appellants."
3. It was in pursuance to this order of retrial that appellants Bahadur and Goman have been retried and convicted and sen tenced as already indicated.
4. According to the prosecution, Bahadur and Nadir are sons of Sooba, brother of deceased Walia father of deceased Sadan. Goman and Mughla are the cousins of Bahadur and Nadir in the fourth degree. All of them belonged to the village called Nama Sial. Their lands adjoined and were being irrigated by one and the same water‑course. Appellant Bahadur and his brother Nadir along with Walia and his son Sadan dug an unauthorised channel through killa No. 41/1 of square No. 41, which jointly belonged to them about one‑and‑a‑half years before the occurrence under consideration for the purpose of irrigating their lands and were subsequently penalised for doing so. A day before the occurrence under consideration which took place on the 17th of June 1958, the appellants along with Nadir and Mughla tried to dig up another water‑course in killa No. 17/2, but were prevented by Sadan from doing so. On the same day in the afternoon, they again started digging the water course in the said piece of land, but Sadan again appeared on the scene of operation and protested against what they were doing. This protest led to a quarrel between Sadan on one side and appellant Bahadur, his brother Nadir, appellant Goman and his brother Mughla on the other. In course of this quarrel they attacked Sadan who naturally raised cries for, help. Hearing his cries, his father Walia came up to the scene of offence from his house which was about 100 karams away, armed with a dang and in order to rescue his son Sadan from the hands of his assailants gave a few dang blows to appellant Bahadur and his brother Nadir. Thereupon, he himself was attacked by Bahadur, Nadir, Goman and Mughla. In course of this attack, Nadir caught hold of Sadan by his waist, while appellant Goman gave him a dang blow which fell on his head. On getting thin blow Sadan fell down. Thereupon, Nadir gave him a few dang blows. Mughla caught hold of Walia by the waist, while appellant Bahadur gave him a blow with his gandhali or gandasa. On getting this blow Walia fell down.
5. This occurrence was witnessed by Mst. Saidan who had been following her son Sadan, while he was proceeding to their behak near their well, and Allah Dad and Haq Nawaz, who are the sons of Mst. Rajan, a step‑sister of Shahamad, father of appellant Goman. In course of the occurrence, Mst. Saidan herself had slightly been injured at the hands of one or the other of the assailants when she had tried to protect her son Sadan.
6. Immediately after attacking Sadan and Walia and causing injuries to them and Mst. Saidan, appellants Bahadur and Goman and their brothers,. Nadir and Mughla ran away from the scene of offence as the village people had started moving in their direction. Both Walia and his son Sadan were thereafter removed to their houses. As his condition was rather serious, Mst. Saidan first of all arranged to take Walia to Harappa Civil Hospital, leaving behind Sadan at her house. Walia died in the following morning when he was just near the said hospital Mst. Saidan took his dead body to the police station near‑by and got her report recorded, by Sub‑Inspector Muhammad Rafique Bajwa who, among other things, prepared inquest report over the dead body of Walia and sent it to the Montgomery mortuary for post‑mortem examination. Thereafter he proceeded to the village of deceased Walia and on his arrival there, arranged to send Sadan to Harappa Civil Hospital for medical examination and treatment.
7. Near the scene of offence he found a newly‑dug channel in addition to the old one about 51 karams from the place where he had found some blood lying. This place was only about 106 karams from the behak of Walia. Soon after visiting the scene of offence he arrested both appellants Bahadur and Goman along with accused Nadir and Mughla.
8. In course of the post‑mortem examination of the dead body of Walia Doctor Zaffar Durrani found the following injuries :‑
(1) An abrasion, 1 " x 1/8", with a linear contused wound, " x 1/8", deep on the right side of the upper part of the forehead, just below the hairy margin.
(2) A boggy swelling of the two temporal regions and the two adjacent parietal regions with no visible mark of injury.
According to him, Walia's death was due to acute developing coma resulting from profuse inter‑cranial blerading and shock from multiple fractures of the vault and base of skull.
9. Sadan died in the Civil Hospital, Montgomery, on the 6th of. July 1958, Doctor A. H. Malik, who performed the post‑mortem examination of his dead body, found the following injuries :‑
(1) A healing scar, 2 " x 1/6", over the middle front part of the head. It was oblique in direction.
(2) A healing scar of contuse wound, 2" x 1/6", over the left prominence of the head.
(3) A fading lathi mark, 2" x 3/4", over the lower end of the right shoulder‑blade.
In course of his internal examination, he discovered separation of the coronal and the front temporal sutures along with a linear fracture of the frontal bone near injury No. 1. In his view Sadan's death was due to progressive compression, of his brain due to fracture and separation of sutures of the skull due to injury No.1.
10. In course of their statements before the trial Court both appellants Bahadur and Goman denied that they had dug any unauthorised channel either on the day of the occurrence or at an earlier occasion suggesting thereby that there was no occasion whatsoever for Sadan's interfering with their doing so. In his defence, appellant Goman altogether denied his presence at the scene of offence. Appellant Bahadur,, however, gave the following version of the occurrence under consideration :‑
"My father's sister Mst. Bibi obtained land about eight years ago on the death of her father. That land was joint with Walia deceased and my father Sooba, her brothers. She filed partition proceedings and then a suit for recovery of the pos session of her share of the land so partitioned. Her sons. Nura and Ghafoora asked my father to deliver the possession amicably. He agreed, but Walia deceased refused. We went with Nura and Ghafoora to Walia to mediate. There my father said that he had agreed to surrender possession of the land, upon which Walia abused him. We protested. Walia deceased and his sons, Sadan deceased and Azam attacked us, causing injuries to me and Nadir, my brother, who was also present. Nura and Ghafoora gave blows to Walia and Sadan deceased in order to rescue us, as a result of which they died. Mst. Saidan was also present at the time."
It would be noticed that according to his version, it was Walia and his sons Sadan and Azam who had attacked Bahadur appel lant and his brother Nadir, and that in order to save them from their hands, Nura and Ghafoora sons of Mst. Bibi, sister of his father, had come up and given some blows to Walia and Sadan and caused them some injuries.
11. As already stated, Mst. Saidan (P. W. 5), Haq Nawaz (P. W. 6) and his brother Allah Dad (P. W. 7) are the only eye‑witnesses of this occurrence. Haq Nawaz (P. W. 6) in course of his deposition during this trial, stated to the effect that at about 6 'p.m. on the day of the occurrence, while grazing his cattle near‑by, he heard an alarm, went to the scene of offence and found Walia and Saidan lying injured and many persons collected around them. He did not 'say that he had witnessed the occurrence or had been informed by anyone how and by whom Walia and Saidan had been attacked and injured. It may, however, be noted here that in course of his statement before the committing Magistrate he had stated to the effect that Mst. Saidan, who had an injury on her left shoulder, and Allah Dad had informed him that Saidan and Walia had been beaten by Nadir, Bahadur, Goman and Mughla. He did not, however, make any such statement in course of this trial. As a, matter of fact, he even resiled from what he had stated on this Point before the committing Magistrate. Therefore, stated regarding this point, as referred to above, was the record in course of his cross‑examination, on treated as a hostile witness. It may, however, be further that he had, in course of his examination committing Magistrate, clearly stated at the same time that he had not found Nadir, Bahadur, Goman and Mughla scene of offence armed with sticks and ghandhali; not seen them running away from that place.
12. Allah Dad (P. W. 7) in course of his statement before the trial Court stated to the effect that he had heard an alarm while he was close to the tobacco field of Walia and had arrived at the scene of offence and seen him giving stick blows to appellant Bahadur. According to him, Nadir brother of Babadur their father Suba, Nura and Ghafoora, sons of Mst. Bibi sister, of Walia, were also there. On making this statement, at the request of the A. P. P. Allah Dad was treated to be a hostile witness and allowed to be cross‑examined and his statement recorded by the committing Magistrate was brought or) the record. In course of his examination before the committing Magistrate, he stated as follows :‑
Next day at 5 p.m. I was present in my land. I heard some noise at Sadan's well. I betook myself there. Nadir, Bahadur, Goman and Moghla accused were present there. Bahadur armed with sticks. Nadir and Sadan grappled with each other. Goman gave him a dang blow on the head. Sadan fell down. Waha deceased arrived from his behak and Mst. Saidan arrived with him. Mst. Saidan was hit by Nadir on her shoulder as she was making a hue and cry Bahadur accused struck his gandhali on the head of Walia and Moghla grappled with the deceased. Walia too fell to the ground and Waryam Lambardar and others arrived at the spot.
It would be noticed that is version quoted above is almost the same as given out by Mst. Saidan in course of the present trial.
13. Mst. Saidan, as already pointed out, is wife of Walia and mother of Saidan. She was going to their behak in order to fetch milk and following Sadan at the time when he was attacked by the appellants, party. As a matter of fact she had gone so far as to try to protect her son Saidan from the hand of his assailants and in doing so bad received a minor injury. In course of her medical examination during the investigation such an injury was actually found on her person. Therefore, there could hardly be any doubt about her presence at the scene of offence. Even otherwise it was quite probable that she had witnessed the occurrence under consideration, as both her house and her hehak were not far from the scene of offence. It is quite likely, as she has stated, she was following Sadan who was going to the behak for the purpose of milking their cattle.
14. Both Haq Nawaz and his brother Allah Dad, as already explained, have not supported the prosecution case in course of their examination during this trial. They have resiled from their statements made before the committing Magistrate. In course of these statements, which have been brought on the record, during their cross‑examination on being treated as hostile witnesses they had supported the prosecution case in one form or the other. Haq Nawaz had, no doubt, only gone to the extent of saying before the committing Magistrate that on his arrival at the scene of offence he had noticed Walia and Siadan lying injured and that Mst. Saidan, who had herself received an injury, bad informed him how they had been attacked and injured by the appellants and Nadir and Mughla. He did not, even .on that occasion, it may be noted here, go so far as to say that he had, as suggested by the prosecution, actually witnessed the occurrence and seen the appellants and Nadir and Mughla attacking and injuring them, but his brother Allah Dad had given out in his statement before the committing Magis trate that he had actually seen the appellants and Nadir and Mughla attacking Walia and Saidan and causing them injuries. Whatever he stated before the committing Magistrate on this point was apparently true, as it was almost the same as given out by Mst. Saidan. She had no reason to implicate either of the two appellants falsely in this case, particularly when there was no previous enmity between the two families. Her version throughout appears to be reasonable and probable and could safely be accepted against both the appellants, supported as it is to a considerable extent by the evidence of Haq Nawaz and Allah Dad before the committing Magistrate.
15. In view of these considerations, we have come to the conclusion that the prosecution evidence in this case could be said to warrant the convictions of both the appellants.
16. It is, however, contended by Sh. Maqbul Ahmad on behalf of the appellant Goman that his conviction for an offence of murder punishable under section 302, P. P. C., in this case could not possibly be maintained, as he had already been acquitted of the same in course of the first trial. In connection with the consideration of this contention, our attention has been drawn particularly to the cases noted and explained hereafter one of these cases is Lala and others v. Emperor (A I R 1933 All. 941). In this case, five persons were charged with and tried for offences punish able under sections 333, 225, 323, 325 and 147, I. P. C. The charge under section 147, 1. P. C. was triable with the aid of assessors while the other charges were triable with the help of jurors. In due course the jurors returned the unanimous verdict of not guilty, but the same persons working as assessors were of the opinion that three of the accused, i.e., the three persons who went in revision to the High Court, were present at the time of the attack and were thus guilty of the offence of rioting. They expressed, however, a doubt about the presence of the remaining two accused on the said occasion. The Assistant Sessions Judge who tried the case was of the opinion that as only three persons had been proved to have, taken part in this rioting, the charge under section 147, I. P. C., could not be maintained and he, therefore, acquitted them also of the said charge. On the other band, the jurors returned the unanimous verdict of guilty against the said three persons in regard to the charges under sections 323 and 325. The Assistant Sessions Judge thereupon agreeing with the verdict of the jury convicted them of the said two charges and sentenced them to various terms of imprisonment. The three persons who had been thus convicted and sentenced appealed against their convictions T for offences punishable under sections 323 and 325, 1. P. C. The Sessions Judge who heard this appeal ordered a retrial. Govern ment, however, did not file any appeal against their acquittal for offences punishable under sections 333 and 325 they had ordinarily been charged with along with others. Against this order of retrial the three accused persons filed an application in revision in the High Court. This application was dismissed. So was another filed later on. When the case went back to him the Assistant Sessions Judge framed charges under sections 333 and 225, I. P. C. against the three accused, and ultimately convicted and sentenced them for the same. The Sessions Judge on appeal maintained their convictions and sentences. Thereupon, they went to the High Court again in revision.
17. In view of this position, it was held that "the appellate Court Judge could order retrial only of the charges on which the accused were convicted and against which appeal was filed, and that the lower Court Judge was not justified in framing charges and convicting them under sections of which offence they had already been acquitted."
18. Another case which has a bearing is Krishena Dhan Mandal and others v. Queen‑Empress (I L R 22 Ca1. 377). In this case, six accused were charged with having been jointly concerned in a riot in the course of which one Mahabir was killed in prosecution of the alleged common object of the unlawful assembly. Therefore, all of them were tried by the Sessions Court of the Twenty‑four Parganas for offences punishable under sections 302 and 325, I. P. C., read with section 149, I. P. C. They were, however, convicted only of an offence punishable under section 303 read with section 149 and acquitted of the offence punishable under sec tion 325 read with section 149, 1. P. C. The accused appealed to the High Court against these convictions and sentences. Their convictions and sentences were set aside by the High Court on the ground of misdirection of the jury by the Judge and the accused were ordered to be retried.
19. On this occasion they were charged with offences punishable under sections 148 and 304 read with section 149, I. P. C. They were, however, convicted only of an offence punishable under section 304 read with section 149, I. P. C., and sentenced to ten years' rigorous imprisonment. They again appealed to the High Court against their conviction and sentence urging that having been tried and acquitted of murder in the first trial they could not be convicted of culpable homicide not amounting to murder in the second trial and that their conviction was again vitiated by misdirection of the jury. It was on the strength of these facts that the counsel for the appellant inter alia contended as follows :‑
(1) As a matter of law this Court could not have interfered with the acquittal of the accused on the charge of murder, there having been no appeal by the Local Government, as provided by section 417 of the Code of Criminal Procedure.
(2) The previous acquittal of the accused on the charge of murder is by section 403 of the Code of Criminal Procedure is a bar to the trial and conviction for a culpable homicide not amounting to murder.
The first point raised by the counsel for the appellants was discussed by the learned Judges in the following words :‑
"With reference to the first point raised in this contention, it is clear from sections 404 to 417 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, that where a person is tried on one charge only and is acquitted on it, or is tried on several charges and is acquitted on them, the acquittal cannot in any way be inter fered with, except upon appeal by the Local Government, but the matter is not equally clear, when an accused person is tried on several charges, is acquitted on some and convicted on the other, and appeals from the convictions."
20. Further, the provisions of clause (b) of section 423, Criminal Procedure Code, were referred to and it was observed; "In accordance with the said provisions in an appeal from a conviction the appellate Court may set aside the conviction and. sentence and order a 'retrial, or it may alter the finding maintaining or reducing the sentence and it was emphasised that these Pro visions appear to favour the opposite view." In, this connection it was further remarked that "the appellate 'Court has the whole of the evidence before it, and if it can order 'a retrial, or alter the finding on the appeal of the accused, why may, it not order a retrial on the charge on which the first Court acquitted the accused, or find the accused guilty on the charge on which he was acquitted by the first Court."
21. After considering the provisions of section 423 of the h Criminal Procedure Code in some detail, the learned Judges held as follows :‑
"Where an accused person is charged with and tried for various offences arising out of a single act, or series of acts, it being doubtful which of those offences the act or acts constitute; and where he has been acquitted by vie verdict of a jury of some of such offences and convicted of others and appealed against such conviction, and where the appellate Court reverses the verdict of the jury, and orders his retrial without any express limitation as to the charges upon which such trial is to be held, such retrial must be taken to be upon all the charges as…
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