Legal Principle & Question Decided

Ruling Summary: This decision was rendered by the Lahore High Court on 2023-06-01, officially reported as 2024 YLR 1745. In this matter between Muhammad Anwar, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Afzal @ Jalu, The State, Naseer Ahmed, Muhammad Imran, Shabbir Hussain and The State etc., Abdul Rehman, etc., Shabbir Hussain etc., the court adjudicated key questions of statutory construction, procedural regularity, and legal precedent under Pakistani law.

Core Holding: The honorable bench evaluated governing statutory provisions and judicial authorities to establish the rights of the parties, delivering the binding reasoning set out below.

Full Judgment Text & Judicial Ruling

Court Name: Lahore High Court Judge(s): Aalia Neelum, Asjad Javaid Ghural Title:Muhammad Anwar, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Afzal

@ Jalu, The State, Naseer Ahmed, Muhammad Imran, Shabbir Hussain vs The State etc., Abdul Rehman, etc., Shabbir Hussain etc. Case No.:Criminal Appeal No.204964/2018, Criminal Appeal No.204976/2018, Criminal Appeal No.204979/2018, Criminal Appeal No.204982/2018, Murder Reference No.189/2018, Criminal Appeal No.204968/2018, Criminal Appeal No.204969/2018 , Criminal Appeal No.204973/2018 , Criminal Revision No.213819/2018 Date of Judgment:2023-06-01 Reported As: 2023 LHC 3009, PLJ 2024 Cr.C. 382, 2024 YLR 1745 Result: All Appeals Dismissed Judgment Judgment Asjad Javaid Ghural, J.--Through the afore-titled criminal appeals under Section 410 Cr.P.C., appellants Muhammad Anwar, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Afzaal @ Jalu, Naseer Ahmad, Muhammad Imran and Shabbir Hussain have challenged the vires of judgment dated 21.04.2018 rendered by the learned Addl. Sessions Judge, Lahore in case FIR No.276/10, dated 23.06.2010, in respect of offence under Sections 302, 324, 148, 149, 427 & 109 PPC registered at Police Station, Manawan, Lahore whereby they were convicted and sentenced as under:- Appellants Muhammad Anwar, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Sarwar and Muhammad Afzaal @ Jalu; Under Section 302/149 PPC Death each, on four counts and to pay compensation of Rs.200,000/- to the legal heirs of all the deceased except Younis under Section 544-A Cr.P.C. each. In case of default, to further undergo simple imprisonment for six months on four counts each. Under Section 324/149 PPC Imprisonment for five years on two counts alongwith fine Rs.50,000/- on two counts each. In default thereof, to further undergo six months on two counts each. They were further directed to

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pay Rs.50,000/- each as compensation under Section 544-A Cr.P.C. and in default thereof, to further undergo simple imprisonment for six months two times each. Under Section 148 PPC For Rs.50,000/- and in default thereof, further undergo for two months each. Appellant Anwar was further directed to pay the compensation of Rs.50,000/- and in default thereof, to further undergo simple imprisonment for six months two times. Under Section 427 PPC For Rs.50,000/- and in default thereof, further undergo for two months each. Accused Anwar was further sentenced u/s 148 PPC to pay Rs.50,000/- each as compensation u/s 544-A Cr.P.C. and in default of payment further undergo for six months two times. Appellants Naseer Ahmed, Muhammad Imran and Shabbir Hussain; Under Section 302/149 PPC Imprisonment for life on five counts and to pay compensation of Rs.200,000/- to the legal heirs of deceased as required u/s 544-A Cr.P.C. each and in default thereof to further undergo simple imprisonment for six months on five counts each. Under Section 324/149 PPC Imprisonment for seven years on two counts each with fine Rs.50,000/- on two counts each. In default of payment, further undergo six months on two counts each and to pay Rs.50,000/- each as compensation u/s 544-A Cr.P.C. In default of payment, further undergo for the period of six months two times each. Under Section 148 PPC For Rs.50,000/- and in default of payment, further undergo simple imprisonment for two months each. Under Section 427 PPC For Rs.50,000/- and in default thereof, further undergo simple imprisonment for two months each. Benefit of Section 382-B Cr.P.C. was extended to the appellants and all the sentences were directed to run concurrently. 2. Murder Reference No.189 of 2018 sent up by the trial Court for confirmation or otherwise of death sentence of appellants Muhammad Anwar, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Sarwar and Muhammad Afzaal @ Jalu and Criminal Revision No.213818/2018 preferred by complainant Mst. Rani Bibi seeking enhancement of sentence of respondents No.1 to 3 Shabbir Hussain, Muhammad Imran and Naseer Ahmed will also be decided through this common judgment. 3. The prosecution story unfolded in the crime report (Ex.PA) registered on the complaint (Ex.PA) of complainant Mst. Rani Bibi (PW-1) was that in the morning on 23.06.2010, she as well as her brothers Allah Ditta, Muhammad Said, Zulfiqar Ali, Muhammad Yousaf, Muhammad Yaseen, nephew Younas and husband Bashir was on their way at Ring Road Lahore after attending their date at Sessions Court, Lahore in connection with trial of case FIR No.273/2007, in respect of offence under Sections 302, 148 & 149 PPC, registered at Police Station, Manawan, Lahore on their double cabin dala whereas Zubair Akhtar and Muhammad Asghar were in follow-up on their motorcycle. When they reached near Jehangir Cold Store at Behni Road Jhugian at about 04:00/15 p.m., all of a sudden accused Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Sarwar, Muhammad Anwar, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Ashraf, Muhammad Afzaal @ Jalu, Shabbir Hussain, Naseer Ahmed, Faqir Hussain and Imran alongwith 3/4 unknown accused while armed with fire arms emerged there from both sides of the road. Muhammad Ashraf raised a lalkara to kill all of them and opened firing upon Zulfiqar (deceased), which landed at various parts of his body. Accused Muhammad Sarwar opened straight fire shots with his firearm, which landed at the head and various parts of body of Allah Ditta (deceased) who succumbed to the injuries at the spot. The fire shot made by accused Anwar landed at different parts of the body of deceased Muhammad Said. The fire shots made by Abdul

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hit at different parts of the body of deceased Muhammad Younas. Accused Ashraf made fire shots upon Muhammad Yousaf, which landed at various parts of his body. The fire shots made by appellant Muhammad Afzaal @ Jalu hit at different parts of the body of Muhammad Yasin. Accused Shabbir Hussain made straight firing at Muhammad Bashir. Accused Naseer and Imran also caused fire arm injuries upon all the injured. Thereafter, all the accused persons after making random firing and causing damage to the vehicle, succeeded to flee away. Said and Zulfiqar succumbed to the injuries at the spot, injured Allah Ditta and Younas kissed the dust in the hospital, whereas injured Yousaf breathed his last after three days of occurrence in the hospital. Muhammad Yousaf, Muhammad Yasin and Muhammad Bashir luckily survived. Motive behind the occurrence was that accused Muhammad Anwar got lodged a case FIR No.273/07 dated 03.06.2007, in respect of offence under Sections 302, 148 & 149 PPC, registered at Police Station Manawan, Lahore qua the murder of his brother Safdar and due to that reason the accused persons, in connivance with each other and with the active abetment of Sardar Ahmed, Faqir Hussain, Muhammad Asghar and Shah Muhammad committed this occurrence. 4. Muhammad Nawaz, SI (PW-26) prepared injury statements as well as inquest reports of deceased Zulfiqar, Muhammad Said, Muhammad Younis, Allah Ditta and escorted their dead bodies to the mortuary. He visited the place of occurrence on the same day, took all necessary steps of initial investigation and also recorded the statements of the witnesses under Section 161 Cr.P.C. On 25.06.2010, he recorded the statement of injured witnesses namely, Muhammad Bashir, Muhammad Yousaf and Muhammad Yasin. On 17.03.2011 he joined appellant Abdul Rehman @ Abdul with the investigation of this case being arrested by the CIA Police. He also joined appellant Muhammad Sarwar with the investigation of this case on 02.06.2011 being arrested by the police at Police Station, Shah Kot District Sahiwal. After completion of investigation, he got prepared interim report under Section 173 Cr.P.C. He arrested accused Muhammad Iqbal in this case on 18.05.2016, who was subsequently discharged from the learned Magistrate. Muhammad Aslam, Inspector (PW-29) arrested accused Bashir, Naseer Ahmed, Ashraf, Imran and Ashraf on 17.08.2010. Khalid Jameel, ASI (PW-28) arrested appellant Muhammad Anwar on 19.10.2013, who during investigation led to the recovery of a Kalashnikov alongwith five alive bullets (P-25/1-5) on 01.11.2013, which was taken into possession through recovery memo (Ex.PEEE). Sardar Ali Rtd. SI (PW-30) joined appellant Afzaal alias Jalu with the investigation of this case being arrested by the police of Police Statin Gujjarpura, Lahore and during investigation, he led to the recovery of Kalashnikov (P-2) alongwith live bullets which was taken into possession through recovery memo (Ex.PC) on 31.12.2011. 5. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Ghani (PW-5) held autopsy on the dead body of deceased Allah Ditta on 24.06.2010 and observed injuries at various parts of his body being ante-mortem caused by fire arm weapon. Injury No.1 was sufficient to cause death in ordinary course of nature. Probable duration between injuries and death was immediate, whereas between death and post mortem examination, it was 17 to 24 hours. On the same day, he also held autopsy on the dead body of deceased Muhammad Younis and observed ante-mortem injuries at different parts of his body, which were sufficient to cause death due to injuries to vital organs in chest. Probable duration between injuries and death was within few minutes, whereas, between death and post mortem examination, it was 18 to 24 hours. Dr. Riasat Ali, (PW-16) conducted post mortem examination on the dead body of deceased Muhammad Yousaf on 29.06.2010 and observed fire arm injuries at his death body. All the injuries were anti-mortem being caused by fire arm weapons whereas, injuries No.3 & 4 were caused by blunt means. The cause of death in this case was damage to neck muscles, vessels, vertebra, (cervical) and T4, T5 vertebra under injury No.2 leading to hemorrhage, paraplegia and sensory

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loss below T4 and T5, shock and death. Death was occurred in hospital and probable duration between death and post mortem was 17-hours and 20-minutes. 6. Muhammad Iqbal, Record Keeper (PW-31) furnished secondary evidence and verified the handwriting and signature of Dr. Mohsin Mukhtar regarding operation notes of deceased Muhammad Yousaf, injured Muhammad Yaseen and Muhammad Bashir. (Ex.PZZZ-11 to Ex.PZZZ-18) 7. At the commencement of trial, the trial Court framed a charge against the appellants to which they pleaded not guilty and claimed to be tried. 8. The prosecution examined 31-witnesses besides the reports of Punjab Forensic Science Agency Ex.PHHHH/1 to Ex.PHHHH/3 and Chemical Examiner Ex.PJJJJ/1 to Ex.PJJJJ/5. The appellants, in their statements recorded under Section 342 Cr.P.C., had denied and controverted all the allegations of facts leveled against them. They did not opt to make statement under Section 340(2) Cr.P.C., however, produced certain documents in their defence. 9. Learned trial Court, upon conclusion of the trial, proceed to acquit co-accused Sardar Ahmed, Faqir Hussain, Muhammad Asghar and Shah Muhammad whereas convicted and sentenced the appellants, as stated above, vide impugned judgment dated 21.04.2018. Hence, these criminal appeals as well as connected Murder Reference. 10. Learned counsels for the appellants have unanimously submitted that the appellants are quite innocent and have nothing to do with the alleged occurrence; that the complainant, being chance witness, could not establish her presence at the venue of occurrence, who had no occasion to be present there at the relevant time; that all the prosecution witnesses were closely related to the deceased persons and as such their testimony cannot be relied upon; that two independent witnesses namely, Zubair Akhtar and Asghar were not produced and given up by the prosecution before the trial Court, which shows that they were not ready to support the prosecution version being false one; that all the eye witnesses including the injured witness, made material improvements in their statements before the trial Court and made contradicting statements, which is not worth reliance; that there was delay of 16-24-hours in conducting respective post mortem examination on the dead body of all the deceased and as such the inference could be drawn that the prosecution took such a long time in order to manage the eye witnesses; that there was delay of two days in recording statements of injured witnesses under Section 161 Cr.P.C., which has lost its credence; that the recovery of weapons of offence at the instance of appellants Muhammad Anwar, Abdul Rehman, Muhammad Afzal @ Jalu and Muhammad Sarwar remained inconsequential; that all the prosecution witnesses admitted during the course of cross- examination that both the parties were on visiting terms, as such the motive as set out by the prosecution has become immaterial. At the end, prayer has been made for acquittal of the appellants. 11. Conversely, learned Deputy Prosecutor General appearing for the State assisted by learned counsels for the complainant has vehemently contended that it was a broad-day light occurrence, which was promptly reported to the police containing names of the appellants with the specific role of committing murder of five innocent persons and causing injuries to two others; that the complainant has well explained her presence at the venue of occurrence, which could not be shattered by the defence during her cross-examination; that both the parties were previously known to each other and as such question of misidentification of the real culprits does not arise; that the injured witnesses were shifted to the hospital prior to the arrival of Investigating Officer as such their statements could not be recorded at the venue of occurrence; that the Investigating Officer did not visit the hospital where the injured PWs were admitted, as such delay in recording of their statements was not fatal in the instant case; that the eye witnesses remained firm and consistent on all material aspects of the case coupled with the medical evidence; that delay in conducting post mortem examination was due to non-availability of the doctors; that there was no

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occasion for the prosecution to falsely involve the appellants while letting off the real culprits; that the prosecution produced cogent, convincing and confidence inspiring evidence and prove the charge against the appellants beyond shadow of reasonable doubt. In the end, a prayer has been made for dismissal of the appeals and confirmation of death sentence and also enhancement of sentence of appellants Shabbir Hussain, Muhammad Imran and Naseer Ahmad. 12. We have heard learned counsels for the appellants, learned Deputy Prosecutor General appearing for the State assisted by learned counsels for the complainant and perused the record with their able assistance. 13. This unfortunate incident took place on 23.06.2010 at about 04:15 p.m., which was reported to the police promptly on the same day at about 05:35 p.m. within one hour and twenty minutes and formal FIR (Ex.PV) was chalked out at 05:55 p.m., despite the fact that inter-se distance between the place of occurrence and the police station was seven kilometers containing names of the appellants with their specific role of making fire shots at the deceased as well as the injured witnesses, which not only confirms presence of the eye witnesses at the spot but also excludes every hypothesis of deliberation, consultation and fabrication prior to the registration of the case and also rules out the possibility of mistaken identification or substitution. Reliance is placed on case reported as Noor Sultan and others ..Vs.. The State (2021 SCMR 176), wherein it has been laid down as under:- "The instant occurrence has taken place on 6.15 p.m. while the matter was reported to the police within 2.15 hours whereas inter-se distance between the place of occurrence and police station is 16 kilometers. Promptness in reporting the matter to the police reflect that there is no chance of consultation or deliberation at the part of the prosecution." Similarly, in case reported as Shaheen Ijaz alias Babu Vs. The State (2021 SCMR 500), it has been laid down as under:- ".....petitioner's nomination in a broad day light incident by resident witnesses hardly admits a space to entertain any hypothesis of mistaken identity or substitution. Prompt recourse to law straight at the police station excludes every possibility of deliberation or consultation." In case reported as Muhammad Waris ..Vs.. The State (2008 SCMR 784) it has been laid down as under:- "The names of the said two eye-witnesses could not have been mentioned in such a promptly lodged F.I.R. if they had not been with the deceased persons at the time of their death." 14. The motive is considered as an essential ingredient to provide foundation to any crime. Admittedly, there was a previous murder enmity between the parties and prior to this incident, a case FIR No.273/07 dated 03.06.2007, in respect of offence under Sections 302, 148 & 149 PPC was got lodged by one of the appellants namely, Muhammad Anwar qua the murder of his brother Safdar against deceased Allah Ditta, Muhammad Younis, Muhammad Said, Zulfiqar Ali and injured Muhammad Yasin. During investigation of said case, all the deceased persons were found innocent and report under Section 173 Cr.P.C. (Ex.PKKK/1-4) was submitted by placing their names in column No.2 thereof, whereas, injured Muhammad Yasin (PW-3) was sent up to the Court for trial being sole perpetrator of the said murder. Being dissatisfied with the investigation, appellant Muhammad Anwar filed a private complaint (Ex.PLLL/1-13) against the deceased persons and injured PW. It is also an admitted fact that said case was pending adjudication before the trial Court and on the day of occurrence, the same was fixed for hearing. Learned counsels for the appellants has referred certain portions of admissions of the complainant (PW-1) during her cross-examination that "We were on visiting terms with each other and in the said period there was no quarrel/difference inter-se......The accused persons remained using the said passage in routine and no quarrel took place on the said passage in between my brothers and accused persons......We all the family members i.e. sisters, brothers, parents, used to visit the complainant

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party of Safdar deceased. During our visits none of the accused ever assaulted us......Zulfiqar was running an Agency of Fertilizer etc. Accused used to purchase agricultural commodities from Zulfiqar, amicably" and argued that in the light of such admissions, it cannot be said that this incident was result of previous FIR. These admissions also raised our eye-brows for a moment but while going through the entire evidence, it came on surface that the learned defence counsel have skipped the most pivotal portion of the statement of the complainant, whereby she explained that "We sought pardon from the accused persons regarding the said murder soon after the occurrence and we remained seeking asking for pardon for about three years." It is a matter of record that request of the complainant party for pardon was never acceded to by the accused side. Had relationship between the parties was of such a pleasant nature, the parties would have been entered into compromise in the previous murder case. Developing cordial relations with the accused persons might be an effort of the complainant party in order to seek pardon from earlier case but it remained futile. It is important to note that in the aforesaid case, defence side booked five accused persons, out of which four were declared innocent at the stage of investigation and they were on bail, whereas, injured Muhammad Yasin (PW-3) was behind the bars, who was granted post arrest bail by this Court vide order dated 03.06.2010 passed in Crl.Misc.No.4398-B- 2010 (Ex.PMMMM/1-1). This unfortunate occurrence took place just after twenty days of release of said Muhammad Yasin from the jail. We have entertained no manner of doubt in our mind that release of injured Muhammad Yasin (PW-3) added fuel to the fire and after this development, the appellants organized a plan and took revenge from the complainant party. No doubt previous enmity, being motive, is always considered as a double edged weapon but from the evidence available on record it has been established that it was the sole reason of this unfortunate incident. With this backdrop, we are persuaded to hold that the prosecution has successfully proved motive part of the occurrence through oral as well as documentary evidence. 15. Mst. Rani Bibi (PW-1)/complainant furnished the ocular account before the trial Court and reiterated the contents of the crime report deposing that on the fateful day she alongwith her brothers Allah Ditta, Muhammad Saif, Zulfiqar Ali, Muhammad Yousaf, Muhammad Yasin, nephew Younas and husband Bashir went to attend the court proceedings in a criminal case on a Daala (double cabin). Zubair Akhtar and Asghar PWs followed them on a motorcycle. After attending the court proceedings, on the way to home, when they reached near Jehangir Cold Store at Behni Road at about 04:00/15 p.m., all the accused persons 12/13 in numbers, including accused Ashraf s/o Asghar, (since acquitted on the basis of compromise) Ashraf s/o Muhammad Din (since dead), Afzaal @ Jaalo, Sarwar, Abdul, Anwar, Shabir, Naseer and Imran while armed with fire arm weapons, emerged there from both sides. Accused Ashraf s/o Asghar (since acquitted) raised a Lalkara to kill all of them and opened firing upon Zulfiqar deceased, which landed at various parts of his body. Appellant Afzaal @ Jalu, made fire shots upon Zulfiqar and Muhammad Yasin at different parts of their bodies, Accused Ashraf s/o Muhammad Din (since dead) made fire shots upon at different parts of body of deceased Muhammad Yousaf, appellant Abdul caused fire arm injuries to deceased Younas, appellant Sarwar caused fire arm injuries to deceased Allah Ditta, appellant Anwar made fire shots at deceased Said, appellant Shabbir caused fire arm injuries to injured Muhammad Bashir (PW-2), whereas appellants Naseer and Imran were collectively attributed the role of making fire shots upon all the above victims. The appellants, while making random firing upon vehicle of the complainant party, succeeded to flee away towards river Ravi. Said and Zulfiqar succumbed to the injuries at the spot, Allah Ditta and Younas at the hospital on the same day, while deceased Yousaf breathed his last after three days of occurrence in the hospital. Muhammad Bashir, (PW-2) and Muhammad Yaseen (PW-3)/injured witnesses deposed exactly in line and supplemented the complainant on each and every minute detail of the incident of murder in issue. In the course of cross-examination, all the witnesses of ocular account remained firm and

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consistent on all material aspects of the incident qua the date, time, place, mode and manner of the occurrence, names of the appellants, weapons of offence, role played by each and every accused for committing murder of the deceased and causing injuries to the injured witnesses and the defence could not extract any favourable material from their mouths. Learned defence counsels laid much emphasis that the complainant was neither accused in the criminal case, which was fixed on the fateful day nor she sustained even a scratch on her body and as such her presence at the venue of occurrence was highly doubtful. We are not in agreement with the submission of learned defence counsels for the reason that during cross-examination, complainant explained that she alongwith her husband Bashir Ahmad (PW-2) intended to pay homage to Data Darbar at Lahore and as such they accompanied the deceased, who had to attend the Court proceedings there.This is a very valid reason and cannot be sighted with doubt. Even otherwise, on this point the defence has questioned the complainant at a considerable length but she remained firm and consistent and even gave minute details of description of floor, mosque, path and even colour and height of shrine and the defence remained fail to shake her testimony on this point. So far as non-sustaining of injuries by the complainant lady while all other members present in the Daala had sustained injuries, is concerned, we have gone through the back-ground of the incident. Initially, brother of appellant Muhammad Anwar was murdered and four of the deceased persons as well as one injured (PW-3) were booked in the said case. The deceased persons were declared innocent by the police, whereas, injured Muhammad Yasin (PW- 3) was released on post arrest bail after more than three years of his arrest. After his release, the appellants hatched a plan of taking revenge and tried to commit murder of entire male members of their opponents. Leaving the complainant scratch-less, appears to be a calculated move on part of the appellants to make her an example and let her alone to feel the pain and misery of departure of her dear ones. They were very much aware that in our society, a female,…

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