Al Wakeelo
Your Digital Lawyer, Always on Duty
Initializing Secure Chambers
Your Digital Lawyer, Always on Duty
Initializing Secure Chambers
Petitioner: Muhammad Maqsood VS Respondent: State Honorable Justice Abher Gul Khan Arshad Ali Chohan , Amir Naseer
CITATION: 2026 MLD 1100 CASE: 2026L2553 TITLE: Muhammad Maqsood VS State Honorable Justice Abher Gul Khan Arshad Ali Chohan , Amir Naseer COURT: LAHORE-HIGH-COURT-LAHORE YEAR: 2026 JOURNAL: MLD ============================================================
305 2026 M L D 1100 [Lahore] Before Abher Gul Khan, J Muhammad Maqsood ---Appellant Versus The State
and 3 others---Respondents Criminal Appeal No. 231326 of 2018, decided on 22nd July, 2025. (a) Penal Code (XLV of 1860)--- ----Ss. 337-F(i), 337-F(ii), 337-F(iv), 337-F(v) & 34---Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898), S. 417---Causing ghayr-jaifah damiyah, ghayr-jaifah badi'ah, ghayr-jaifah-mudihah, ghayr-jaifah-hashimah, common intention---Appreciation of evidence---Appeal against acquittal---Delay of eight days in lodging the FIR--- Casting serious doubts on the prosecution version Undermining credibility of complaint---Accused/respondents were charged for causing injuries to the brother of the complainant through different weapons---Incident in question occurred on 04.08.2013 at around 6:30 p.m. in the main chowk of a village, which was located about six miles from the Police Station---Despite such proximity of the location to the Police Station, the report of the crime was not promptly made---Instead, the information was formally conveyed to the police by the complainant through a written application on 12.08.2013 at about 10:00 a.m., resulting in a delay of nearly eight days in the registration of the FIR---Said delay raised significant concerns, especially when examined in conjunction with the Medico-Legal Record---According to the Medico-Legal Certificate, the medical examination of the injured was conducted on the day of the incident at 9:20 p.m. at THQ Hospital---Notably, the injured was brought to the hospital by a Head Constable, which clearly indicated that the police had knowledge of the incident on the very day it occurred, i.e. well before the formal complaint was lodged---Therefore, the unexplained and prolonged delay of eight days in reporting the matter could not be casually overlooked---On the contrary, said delay cast serious doubt on the veracity of the prosecution's version and strongly suggested that the intervening period might have been utilised to concoct and fabricate a narrative to implicate the accused---Such delay undermined the credibility of the complaint---Appeal against acquittal was dismissed, in circumstances. Abid Hussain and another v. The State and others 2024 SCMR 1608 rel. (b) Penal Code (XLV of 1860)--- ----Ss. 337-F(i), 337-F(ii), 337-F(iv), 337-F(v) & 34---Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898), S. 417---Causing ghayr-jaifah damiyah, ghayr-jaifah badi'ah, ghayr-jaifah-mudihah, ghayr-jaifah-hashimah, common intention---Appreciation of evidence---Appeal against acquittal---Presence of eye-witnesses at the spot at time of occurrence doubtful ---Accused/respondents were charged for causing injuries to the brother of the complainant through different weapons---Eye-witness account in this case was provided by the complainant, the injured and a witness---According to the testimonies of the complainant and a witness, they were already present at the main chowk of the village---Upon hearing the cries for help from the injured, they claimed to have rushed to the scene of the incident and witnessed the occurrence---However, their statements suggested a different picture---Despite their claim of arriving at the scene after the incident had already begun, the narratives of the witnesses were highly detailed and consistent with the version of events presented by the injured---Testimonies of said witnesses described the incident with such precision and coherence that it gave the impression that they were present with the injured at the time of the occurrence, rather than arriving later---Such facts raised doubts about the veracity of their stated positions and cast a shadow over the credibility of their claims of arriving post facto---During cross-examination, the complainant unequivocally admitted that there was no shop at the place of occurrence ---Said stance was verified by the witness, who during his cross-examination also confirmed the absence of any shop at the crime scene---Furthermore, the un-scaled site plan, prepared by the Investigating Officer at the pointation of the complainant, further reinforced that fact---The site plan did not depict the existence of any shop or even a chowk at the place of incident---Instead, the site plan marked only two specific points situated on a thoroughfare, with Point No. 1 identified as the exact spot where the accused allegedly inflicted injuries on the person of the injured---Absence of any shop or chowk at the crime scene not only cast serious doubt on the prosecution's narrative but also damaged the suggestion that the prosecution witnesses were present at the spot for any legitimate reason---Appeal against acquittal was dismissed, in circumstances. (c) Penal Code (XLV of 1860)--- ----Ss. 337-F(i), 337-F(ii), 337-F(iv), 337-F(v) & 34---Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898), S. 417---Causing ghayr-jaifah damiyah, ghayr-jaifah badi'ah, ghayr-jaifah-mudihah, ghayr-jaifah-hashimah, common intention---Appreciation of evidence---Appeal against acquittal---Presence of eye-witnesses at the time and place of occurrence highly doubtful---Accused/respondents were charged for causing injuries to the brother of the complainant through different weapons---The complainant maintained that the application was authored by a scribe---However, the complainant failed to state anywhere in his testimony that the application was drafted under his explicit dictation---Crucially, the scribe who purportedly wrote the application was neither produced before the Trial Court for examination nor was he associated with the investigative process, which cast doubt on the authenticity and spontaneity of the written complaint---Furthermore, the complainant was the real brother of the injured witness---According to his version, the complainant reached the scene after hearing the alarm raised by his brother and allegedly witnessed the occurrence---Despite the claim of being present at the site of the violent incident, he remained entirely unharmed and did not sustain even a minor injury---In the context of a violent episode where his real brother was attacked, such conduct appeared implausible and contrary to ordinary human conduct---In view of the delay in the registration of the FIR, coupled with the manner in which both the complainant and a witness testified before the Trial Court, the Court concluded that their presence at the scene of the incident was highly doubtful---Testimonies of said witnesses were, therefore, found to be unreliable and excluded from consideration---Appeal against acquittal was dismissed, in circumstances. (d) Penal Code (XLV of 1860)--- ----Ss. 337-F(i), 337-F(ii), 337-F(iv), 337-F(v) & 34---Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898), S. 417---Causing ghayr-jaifah damiyah, ghayr-jaifah badi'ah, ghayr-jaifah-mudihah, ghayr-jaifah-hashimah, common intention---Appreciation of evidence---Appeal against acquittal---Medical evidence--- Discrepancy between police documentation and medical record with respect to injuries sustained by the injured witness --- Evidentiary value of Medico-Legal Certificate undermined --- Accused/respondents were charged for causing injuries to the brother of the complainant through different weapons---The injured, although he sustained injuries, was not automatically to be treated as a truthful witness---Credibility of a witness had to be assessed on intrinsic reliability and consistency---Prior to the Medico-Legal Examination, the police prepared an injury statement showing four injuries, whereas the Medico-Legal Certificate reflected eight injuries---Such unexplained discrepancy raised serious doubt---Moreover, no radiologist was produced and no radiology report was brought on record---Absence of supporting medical evidence undermined the evidentiary value of the Medico-Legal Certificate---Even otherwise, the Medical Officer admitted during cross-examination that no radiologist was available---Such omission significantly weakened the prosecution case---Appeal against acquittal was dismissed, in circumstances. Amin Ali v. The State 2021 SCMR 323 and Nazir Ahmad v. Muhammad Iqbal and another 2011 SCMR 527 rel. (e) Penal Code (XLV of 1860)--- ----Ss. 337-F(i), 337-F(ii), 337-F(iv), 337-F(v) & 34---Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898), S. 417---Causing ghayr-jaifah damiyah, ghayr-jaifah badi'ah, ghayr-jaifah-mudihah, ghayr-jaifah-hashimah, common intention---Appreciation of evidence---Appeal against acquittal---Unexplained delay of more than three months in recording the statement of key injured witness---Fairness and integrity of the investigative process doubtful ---Accused/respondents were charged for causing injuries to the brother of the complainant through different weapons---During cross-examination, the injured admitted that his statement was not recorded earlier---The Investigating Officer stated that the statement under S. 161, Cr.P.C. was recorded on 15.11.2013 after submission of report under S. 173, Cr.P.C.---Such delay of more than three months rendered the statement doubtful and affected the credibility of the prosecution case---Appeal against acquittal was dismissed, in circumstances. Muhammad Khan v. Maula Bakhsh and another 1998 SCMR 570 rel. (f) Penal Code (XLV of 1860)--- ----Ss. 337-F(i), 337-F(ii), 337-F(iv), 337-F(v) & 34---Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898), S. 417---Causing ghayr-jaifah damiyah, ghayr-jaifah badi'ah, ghayr-jaifah-mudihah, ghayr-jaifah-hashimah, common intention---Appreciation of evidence---Appeal against acquittal---Motive lacking immediacy and appearing to be remote and unconvincing ---Accused/respondents were charged for causing injuries to the brother of the complainant through different weapons---Alleged motive related to divorce given two years prior to the occurrence---Such remote motive lacked immediacy and was unconvincing---Appeal against acquittal was dismissed, in circumstances. (g) Penal Code (XLV of 1860)--- ----Ss. 337-F(i), 337-F(ii), 337-F(iv), 337-F(v) & 34---Criminal Procedure Code (V of 1898), S. 417---Causing ghayr-jaifah damiyah, ghayr-jaifah badi'ah, ghayr-jaifah-mudihah, ghayr-jaifah-hashimah, common intention---Appreciation of evidence---Appeal against acquittal---Recovery of weapons of offence not corroborated through forensic or circumstantial evidence ---Accused/respondents were charged for causing injuries to the brother of the complainant through different weapons---Alleged recoveries were not supported by any independent corroboration---Such recoveries remained inconsequential and did not strengthen the prosecution case---Appeal against acquittal was dismissed, in circumstances. (h) Appeal against acquittal--- ---- Principle --- Once an accused is acquitted, the presumption of innocence is further strengthened---Interference by the appellate Court is justified only in exceptional and compelling circumstances where the judgment is perverse, arbitrary or illegal. Mst. Anwar Begum v. Akhtar Hussain alias Kaka and 2 others 2017 SCMR 1710 and Raja Khurram Ali Khan and 2 others v. Tayyaba Bibi and another PLD 2020 SC 146 rel. Arshad Ali Chohan for Appellant. Amir Naseer for Respondent. Ms. Asiya Yasin, Deputy Prosecutor General with Zubair ASI for the State. Date of hearing: 22nd July, 2025. Judgment Abher Gul Khan, J .--- This criminal appeal has been filed by Muhammad Maqsood (appellant) under Section 417, Cr.P.C., challenging the judgment dated 23.06.2018 whereby learned Judicial Magistrate 1st Class, Arifwala, upon conclusion of the trial proceedings in case FIR No.384/2013 dated 12.08.2013 registered under Sections 337-F(i), 337-F(ii), 337-F(iv), 337-F(v) and 34 P.P.C at Police Station Saddar Arifwala, acquitted Shahid Aslam, Haq Nawaz, and Muhammad Asif (respondents Nos. 2 to 4) of the charges levelled against them. 2. The facts essential for the adjudication of the present criminal appeal are that Muhammad Maqsood (appellant) lodged a criminal case against the respondents through FIR No. 384/2013 (Exh.PH), wherein he alleged that his brother, Muhammad Akram, was proceeding towards a shop in village 151/EB for the purpose of purchasing household goods. When Muhammad Akram reached the main Chowk of the village, the accused, namely Haq Nawaz armed with a toka , Muhammad Asim armed with a hatchet, Shahid alias Shahda armed with a toka , and Muhammad Aslam armed with a .30 bore pistol suddenly appeared at the scene and intercepted him. According to the contents of the FIR, Muhammad Aslam accused raised a lalkara stating that Muhammad Akram should be taught a lesson for divorcing his sister, Mst.Khalida Parveen, whereupon accused Haq Nawaz gave a toka blow which hit Muhammad Akram on his left knee. Muhammad Asim then inflicted a hatchet blow which landed at the left hand of Akram. Subsequently, Shahid alias Shahda inflicted a toka blow hitting at the back of leg of Akram. Muhammad Aslam allegedly gave a butt blow of his pistol which landed on the lower part of Akram s left knee, and thereafter Muhammad Asim again used the butt of his weapon to deliver a blow to Akram s right knee. As a result of the aforementioned assault, Muhammad Akram lost consciousness and fell on the ground. Even then, the accused continued to inflict further injuries upon him. Upon hearing the cries of Muhammad Akram, several residents of the area, including Muhammad Anwar and Muhammad Mushtaq, rushed to the spot and witnessed the incident. The witnesses intervened and managed to rescue Muhammad Akram from the accused. Thereafter, the injured was taken to Police Station Saddar Arifwala on a tractor trolley by the complainant and eye-witnesses. From there, a medical docket was obtained, and Muhammad Akram was taken for medico-legal examination. The alleged motive behind the occurrence, as stated in the FIR, was that Muhammad Akram had earlier divorced Mst.Khalida Parveen, the sister of the accused, which had caused resentment among them and ultimately led to the assault. Following the registration of the case, police initiated investigation, and upon its conclusion, a report under Section 173, Cr.P.C. was submitted before the learned trial court. During the trial, the prosecution produced a total of seven witnesses to prove the charges against the respondents. After the closure of the prosecution s evidence, the accused were examined under Section 342, Cr.P.C., during which they denied all allegations and pleaded innocence. They, however, did not opt to appear as witnesses in their own defence under Section 340(2), Cr.P.C., nor did they produce any evidence in defence. Upon conclusion of the trial proceedings, the learned Magistrate, finding the prosecution s case unconvincing and lacking in evidentiary strength, acquitted all the accused of the charges, hence the instant criminal appeal. 3. Arguments heard. Record perused. 4. A thorough examination of the case record indicates that the present matter stems from an incident that occurred on 04.08.2013 at about 6:30 p.m., within the territorial jurisdiction of Police Station Saddar Arifwala. On the evening in question, Muhammad Akram (PW.3), the brother of the complainant Muhammad Maqsood (PW.1), was en route to a nearby shop with the intention of purchasing household articles. While he was on his way, he was intercepted and ambushed by the accused, namely Shahid Aslam, Haq Nawaz, and Muhammad Asim. The assailants launched a violent and unprovoked attack on Muhammad Akram using various weapons, including toka, pistol, and hatchet. As a result of this assault, Muhammad Akram sustained multiple injuries on different parts of his body. According to the MLC (Exh.PA/1), Muhammad Akram (PW.3) received a total of eight sharp edged injuries. 5. In wake of abovementioned facts, I have observed that the incident in question occurred on 04.08.2013 at around 6:30 p.m. in the main chowk of village 151/EB, which is located about six miles from Police Station Saddar Arifwala. Despite such proximity of the location to the police station, the report of the crime was not promptly made. Instead, the information was formally conveyed to the police by the complainant, Muhammad Maqsood (PW.1), through a written application (Exh.PA) on 12.08.2013 at about 10:00 a.m., resulting in a delay of nearly eight days in the registration of FIR. This delay raises significant concerns, especially when examined in conjunction with the medico-legal record. According to the Medico-Legal Certificate (Exh.PA/1), the medical examination of the injured Muhammad Akram was conducted on the day of incident, at 9:20 p.m. at THQ Hospital, Arifwala. Notably, Muhammad Akram was brought to the hospital by Muhammad Zubair 252/HC, which clearly indicates that the police had knowledge of the incident on the very day it occurred i.e. well before the formal complaint was lodged. Therefore, the unexplained and prolonged delay of eight days in reporting the matter cannot be casually overlooked. On the contrary, it casts serious doubt on the veracity of the prosecution s version and strongly suggests that the intervening period may have been utilized to concoct and fabricate a narrative to implicate the accused. Such delay undermines the credibility of the complaint and requires careful judicial scrutiny. Reliance in this context is placed upon the case reported as Abid Hussain and another v. The State and others (2024 SCMR 1608) wherein the Supreme Court of Pakistan gave the following observation:-- Admittedly, the FIR was subsequently registered upon a written complaint of the complainant, drafted by a petition writer. Facts and circumstances lead us to a conclusion that the FIR was not registered promptly, rather, the matter was reported belatedly to the police, after deliberation and conclusion, therefore, false involvement of the appellant cannot be ruled out." 6. During the trial, the eye-witness account in this case was provided by Muhammad Maqsood complainant (PW.1) Muhammad Akram (PW.3), the injured and Muhammad Mushtaq (PW.4). According to the testimonies of Muhammad Maqsood (PW.1) and Muhammad Mushtaq (PW.4), they were already present at the main Chowk of the village. Upon hearing the cries for help from Muhammad Akram (PW.3), they claim to have rushed to the scene of the incident and witnessed the occurrence. However, a careful and critical analysis of their statements suggests a different picture. Despite their claim of arriving at the scene after the incident had already begun, their narratives are highly detailed and consistent with the version of events presented by the injured. Their testimonies describe the incident with such precision and coherence that it gives the impression that they were present with Muhammad Akram at the time of the occurrence, rather than arriving later. This raises doubts about the veracity of their stated positions and casts a shadow over the credibility of their claims of arriving post facto . During cross-examination, Muhammad Maqsood complainant (PW.1) unequivocally admitted that there was no shop at the place of occurrence. This stance was verified by Muhammad Mushtaq (PW.4), who during his cross-examination also confirms the absence of any shop at the crime scene. Furthermore, un-scaled site plan (Exh. PB), prepared by Ali Sher, ASI/Investigating Officer (PW.5), at the pointation of Muhammad Maqsood (PW.1) further reinforces this fact. The site plan does not depict the existence of any shop or even a Chowk at the place of incident. Instead, the site plan marks only two specific points situated on a thoroughfare, with Point No.1 identified as the exact spot where accused Haq Nawaz etc. allegedly inflicted injuries on the person of Muhammad Akram injured (PW.3). The absence of any shop or Chowk at the crime scene not only casts serious doubt on the prosecution s narrative but also damages the suggestion that the prosecution witnesses were present at the spot for any legitimate business, social interaction, or other credible reason. Additionally, Muhammad Maqsood (PW.1), the complainant, maintained that application (Exh.PA) was authored by a scribe. However, he failed to state anywhere in his testimony that this application was drafted under his explicit dictation. Crucially, the scribe who purportedly wrote the application was neither produced before the trial court for examination nor was he associated with the investigative process, which casts doubt on the authenticity and spontaneity of the written complaint. Furthermore, it has not escaped the notice of this Court that Muhammad Maqsood (PW.1) is the real brother of the injured witness, Muhammad Akram (PW.3). According to his version, he reached the scene after hearing the alarm raised by his brother and allegedly witnessed the occurrence. It has also been observed by me that despite the claim of Muhammad Maqsood (PW.1) being present at the site of the violent incident, he remained entirely unharmed and did not sustain even a minor injury. In the context of a violent episode where his real brother was attacked, his complete lack of injury appears implausible and is contrary to ordinary human conduct and natural probabilities. In view of the delay in the registration of FIR, coupled with the manner in which both Muhammad Maqsood (PW.1) and Muhammad Mushtaq (PW.4) testified before the trial court, this Court is compelled to conclude that their presence at the scene of the incident is highly doubtful. Their testimonies, therefore, are found to be unreliable and are accordingly excluded from consideration. 7. With regard to the testimony of Muhammad Akram injured (PW.3), it is to be noted that although he sustained injuries during the incident in question, yet the mere fact of being injured is not, in itself, sufficient to automatically render him a credible or trustworthy witness. The law requires more than just the physical presence of an injured person at the crime scene, it demands an assessment of the intrinsic reliability and consistency of his testimony. The credibility of a witness must be judged holistically, not presumed solely on account of injury. In this respect, guidance can be sought from observations of the Supreme Court of Pakistan expressed in the cases reported as Amin Ali v. The State (2011 SCMR 323) and Nazir Ahmad v. Muhammad Iqbal and another (2011 SCMR 527), where the Court held that the testimony of an injured witness, though significant, must still be subjected to careful scrutiny before being relied upon. In light of this settled principle, the statement of Muhammad Akram (PW.3) has been carefully examined. It is observed that prior to his medico-legal examination, the police prepared an injury statement (Exh.PC), which showed that he had sustained four injuries. However, MLC (Exh.PA/1) later issued reflects a total of eight injuries. This unexplained discrepancy between the police documentation and the medical record raises concerns about the accuracy and completeness of the injury statement. Moreover, it is further observed that no radiologist was produced during the trial, nor any radiology report was brought on the record to substantiate or clarify the nature of injuries Nos.1, 2, and 4. The absence of supporting medical evidence or expert opinion, particularly when certain injuries may be internal or bone-related, undermines the evidentiary value of the MLC (Exh.PA/1) and casts a shadow on the reliability of the medical findings as well as the testimony of the injured witness. Even otherwise, Dr.Usman Masood (PW.2) who conducted the medico legal examination of injured Muhammad Akram during cross-examination admitted that It is correct that regarding injury Nos.1,2 and 4 no radiologist is available for these injury declaration it is correct that no x-ray film is available today or as well as in judicial file.
Such an omission on the part of the prosecution significantly undermines the credibility of the prosecution s case, particularly with respect to the injuries claimed to have been sustained by Muhammad Akram (PW.3). It has also been observed by this Court that during cross-examination, Muhammad Akram injured (PW.3) candidly admitted that he did not have any statement recorded before the police. In contrast, Ali Sher ASI/Investigating Officer (PW.5) during cross-examination claimed that the report under Section 173, Cr.P.C. was submitted on 03.11.2013, and that the statement of Muhammad Akram under Section 161, Cr.P.C. was subsequently recorded on 15.11.2013. Even if the version of Ali Sher ASI/Investigating Officer (PW.5) is to be accepted at face value, it still reveals a significant and unexplained delay of more than three months in recording the statement of a key prosecution witness. Such an inordinate…
Read the unabridged text and precedent citation network on Al Wakeelo Legal Research Platform.